Cells

vacuoles- stores materials within cell (water, carbs) increasing sufficient area to cytoplasm.

mitochondria- organelles. where transpiration make major portion of cell energy, from waste of glycolysis. enclosed by 2 membranes.

cloroplast- only in plant cells. use to convert light energy to make useable energy to form glucose.

cytoskeleton- network of protein filaments that help cell keep its shape.

centrioles- located by nucleus and help organize cell division. come in pairs. not found in plants

cell membrane- selectively permeable. regulates what enters and leaves cell. composed of lipid bi-layer. (Mosaic of molecules)

cell wall- outside cell membrane. provides (only plant cells) with support and protection. made of a carb called cellulose.

transcription- synthesis of RNA under direction of DNA.

exocitosis- going out of a cell.

endocitosis- going in a cell.

concentration gradient- more molecules in one area.

Terms

Why is H₂O the best molecule to make cytoplasm?
-It is solvent- when it is close to a molecule, it surrounds it.
-Diffusion - movement of molecules from high to low concentration of itself.
-Water "bathes" everything
-Polar covalent.
Water in cytoplasm maintains a 7 pH level.
Ribosome- where protein is made for ER.
Lysosome "suicide sack"
Nuclear envelope- (double layered)

Transcription- taking code of DNA, and turning into protein (the product)

Peptide bond- bond between 2 amino acids.
Scientific theory- a collection of hypothesis that have stood the test of time.
Fagasitosis- packaging and release of a solid material.
Pinositos- "" a liquid
Secretion- going out of cell (exocitosis)
Endocitosis- taking material in cell.
Osmosis- diffusion of H₂O through a membrane.
Known function and structure of all cell parts.