Mitosis

Cell cannot increase surface, as fast as it can increase volume. as volume increases much faster than surface area, it limits the rate at which substances diffuse across the cell membrane causing splitting or cell division. Cell division (mitosis).

Mitosis/meiosis- the division of the nuclear material of a non-sex cell.
-cytokinesis- the dividing of a cell
-meiosis- the division of the nuclear materials of sex cells (sperm and eggs)
-somatic-body (Mitosis- division of a nuclear material of a somatic cell)
-gametes- egg or sperm
Mitosis stages: (in the order that they occur)
-Interphase
-Prophase
-Metaphase
-Anaphase
-Telophase
-Cytokinesis

Interphase has 3 stages: G₁- cell growth
S(synthesis)DNA replication occurs
G₂- cell prepares for mitosis. more mitochondria are produced; centriole doubles

Prophase- chromatin shorten and thicken becoming chromosome. nuclear envelope then dissolves. after spindle fibers (micro-tubules) form- part of cytoskeleton. lastly, centrioles move to opposite poles of the cell.

Metaphase- 1^st, chromosomes line up on equator of cell (middle). Spindle fibers then form and attach to sister chromosome.

Anaphase- the process of tearing centromere in half by spindle fibers, resulting in splitting of DNA sister chromatids, reaching opposite poles.

Telephase- reversing effects of prophase with exception of centrioles.

Cytokinesis- cell's cytoplasm divides resulting in two identical daughter cells.

Meiosis

meiosis- division of a nuclear material of a sex cell (DNA doubles)

DNA replicates itself- a helix (twisted chromosome). Mirror images unzips, enabling nucleotides to bond to the new Free bond space, but only the one that fits. Helix does not completely unzip held together by centromere.
Each cell has 46 chromosomes (23 pairs).

nucleotide- monomer of nucleic acid.

Bases-
A bonds to T
T bonds to A
C bonds to G
G bonds to C

DNA wraps around histome, to form a chromosome.

homologous pair- code for the same trail, not necessarily the same product.